Editorial Guidelines

The following policies govern the receipt, assessment, editorial decision-making, production, and publication of manuscripts submitted to Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad. They should be read in conjunction with the Author Guidelines, the official manuscript template, and the editorial policies published on the Journal’s website.

1. Nature and Scope of the Journal

  1. Apuntes de Economía y Sociedad, ISSN 2709-7005, is an electronic academic journal of the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), affiliated with the Area of Knowledge of Economic and Business Sciences.

  2. The Journal is published semiannually, with two regular issues per year. Articles may be added continuously to the current issue as they complete the editorial process. Special issues may also be published when approved by the editorial team.

  3. The Journal aims to disseminate research, review studies, and scholarly reflection in economics, business, and related fields.

  4. Manuscripts may be submitted in Spanish or English. The title, abstract, and keywords must be provided in both languages.

  5. Manuscripts are organized according to the Journal’s editorial sections. Section assignment is based on the manuscript’s central research problem, objective, and contribution and will be confirmed during the initial editorial assessment.

2. Originality, Author Responsibility, and Research Integrity

  1. Manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration by another journal or publication outlet. When a manuscript derives from a thesis, report, conference paper, event proceedings, institutional repository, or other previous document, the authors must disclose this circumstance and ensure that the submitted version constitutes a clearly differentiated scholarly contribution.

  2. All authors must approve the manuscript’s content, authorship order, and submission. They are collectively responsible for the accuracy and integrity of the data, results, citations, references, and declarations included in the manuscript.

  3. Studies involving human participants, confidential information, vulnerable populations, or matters subject to ethical oversight must disclose the relevant approvals, informed-consent procedures, and safeguards applied. These requirements must be observed in accordance with the Journal’s Code of Ethics.

  4. The Journal uses similarity-detection tools together with editorial assessment. Similarity reports are interpreted qualitatively; an isolated percentage neither proves nor rules out plagiarism. Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, manipulation of results, redundant publication, and other breaches of research integrity may result in the manuscript being returned, rejected, or subject to appropriate post-publication action. Further information is available in the Journal’s Plagiarism Detection Policy.

3. Types of Contribution

  1. The Journal considers the following types of contribution:

  • Research article: The Journal’s principal publication category. It reports original research conducted using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods approaches.

  • Review article: Critically analyses and synthesizes relevant scholarly literature. It must explain the procedures used to search for, select, and analyse the sources included in the review.

  • Academic essay: Develops a reasoned thesis or position supported by scholarly literature and critical analysis. It may follow a flexible structure appropriate to its argument.

  • Editorial: Prepared by invitation or by decision of the editorial team in accordance with the purpose and content of a particular issue.

  • Other contributions: Research progress reports, book reviews, scholarly notes, and works derived from academic or scientific events may be considered following prior consultation with the editorial team. The specific requirements and evaluation procedures will be communicated on a case-by-case basis.

  1. Preliminary acceptance of a contribution type does not imply acceptance for publication. All submissions must meet the relevant editorial, ethical, academic, and evaluation requirements.

4. Manuscript Preparation and Submission

  1. Manuscripts must be prepared using the Journal’s official manuscript template and in accordance with the Author Guidelines. Files must be submitted in editable .docx format, retaining the prescribed styles, fields, and structure and complying with the established file-size limit.

  2. In-text citations and reference entries must follow the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA 7). Every source cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and every reference-list entry must be cited in the manuscript.

  3. Tables and figures must follow APA 7 conventions. They must be numbered consecutively, referred to in the text, and accompanied by appropriate titles, notes, and source information. Their quality and resolution must be sufficient for editorial production and publication.

  4. All authors must be entered in the submission metadata in the approved authorship order. The required information includes each author’s full name, institutional affiliation, country, email address, and ORCID iD. Authors who do not yet have an ORCID iD may register free of charge.

  5. Manuscripts must be submitted through the Journal’s [OJS submission platform](https://