Climate change: Effect of the 35th cold front of year 2021 on the vegetation of North Tamaulipas, Mexico

Authors

  • M.E. Cisneros-López National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-5818
  • M. M. Silva-Serna National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0216-4305
  • R. D. Garza-Cedillo National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-3321
  • B. E. Santiago-Mejía National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-3053
  • M. Espinosa-Ramírez National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-3249
  • R. Hernández-Martínez NNational Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Las Huastecas Experimental Field. Tampico-Mante Highway, Km 55, Villa Cuauhtémoc, Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7541-6834

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5377/ribcc.v10i19.20748

Keywords:

Acclimatization, chilling, injury, frost, perennials

Abstract

Background: A polar air mass from the north of the continent moved towards Mexico in February 2021. Low temperatures determine the natural distribution of vegetation. This work consisted of evaluating cold damage in the flora of northern Tamaulipas, in the absence of previous reports. Methodology: The study was carried out in Río Bravo, Tamaulipas, from February 22 to March 22, 2021, through a census of perennial species. Damage from low temperatures was evaluated using a visual scale per species. The minimum temperature of February from 2001 to 2024 was taken. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, dew point, barometric pressure and wind speed (min, med and max) for 02/2021. Results: The days 02/15-16/2021 were the coldest with 36 accumulated hours of < 0° C. 79% of the native species and 72% of the introduced species did not have serious symptoms
due to low temperature. The fir was the dominant introduced species and did not present damage, while guaje was the predominant native species with 100% of plants defoliated and 15% of mortality in the population. The most sensitive introduced species were great bougainvillea, flamboyant, guava, jacaranda, neem tree and pygmy palm, 50 to 100% of plants defoliated and 29 to 50% mortality. Conclusion: Considering the subtropical and tropical origin of most species, the damage was partial, less than what could be expected, given the climatic conditions of the event.

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Author Biographies

M.E. Cisneros-López, National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Senior Researcher C., Plant Health Network. National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP). Northeast Regional Research Center, Río Bravo Experimental Station, Km 61 Matamoros–Reynosa Highway, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. ZIP Code 88900.

M. M. Silva-Serna, National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Senior Researcher C., Agrometeorology and Modeling Network. National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP). Northeast Regional Research Center, Río Bravo Experimental Station, Km 61 Matamoros–Reynosa Highway, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. ZIP Code 88900.

R. D. Garza-Cedillo, National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Senior Researcher C., Grasslands and Forage Crops Network. National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP). Northeast Regional Research Center, Río Bravo Experimental Station, Km 61 Matamoros–Reynosa Highway, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. ZIP Code 88900.

B. E. Santiago-Mejía, National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Senior Researcher B., Agrobiodiversity Network. National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP). Northeast Regional Research Center, Río Bravo Experimental Station, Km 61 Matamoros–Reynosa Highway, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. ZIP Code 88900.

M. Espinosa-Ramírez, National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Río Bravo Experimental Field, Tamaulipas. Km. 61 of the Matamoros-Reynosa Highway. Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Senior Researcher C., Leader of the Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Network. National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP). Northeast Regional Research Center, Río Bravo Experimental Station, Km 61 Matamoros–Reynosa Highway, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. ZIP Code 88900.

R. Hernández-Martínez, NNational Institute of Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research. Las Huastecas Experimental Field. Tampico-Mante Highway, Km 55, Villa Cuauhtémoc, Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Researcher at the National Institute of Technology of Mexico/ITS of Purísima del Rincón. Blvd. Del Valle, No. 2301, Colonia Guardarrayas, CP. 36425, Purísima del Rincón, Guanajuato, Mexico.

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2025-08-11

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Cisneros-López, M. E., Silva-Serna, M. M. ., Garza-Cedillo, R. D., Santiago-Mejía, B. E. ., Espinosa-Ramírez, M. ., & Hernández-Martínez, R. . (2025). Climate change: Effect of the 35th cold front of year 2021 on the vegetation of North Tamaulipas, Mexico. Ibero-American Journal of Bioeconomics and Climate Change, 10(19), 2414–2426. https://doi.org/10.5377/ribcc.v10i19.20748

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Copyright © 2025 Rev. iberoam. bioecon. climate change. National Autonomous University of Nicaragua León (UNAN-León), ​​Knowledge Area of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences / Specific Area of ​​Agroecology and Agribusiness / Center for Research in Agrarian Sciencies. Academic Directorate. Research Department. Publication and scientific events Unit. 

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