Geographic Information Systems for Flood Risk Analysis in the Urban Area of the Chiquito River in the City of León

Abstract

El Río Chiquito flows through the urban area of the city of León, and along its banks, families reside who suffer flooding every year due to the overflow of the river’s main channel. This research aims to analyze the areas of highest flood risk in the urban area of León. The study area is the micro-watershed of the Río Chiquito, and the study unit is the population living near the water body. A total of 121 residents over the age of 14 were surveyed, and vulnerability was assessed at 28 points along the river. SPSS and QGIS software were used. Results included flood risk maps highlighting the most vulnerable areas in deeper red tones, a geographic vulnerability analysis, and statistical analysis. Flood simulation maps at 20 meters from the river showed 5 houses located in risk zones, while at 40 meters, 27 houses were identified. At elevations of 96.5 meters above sea level, 34.6% of residents recognized their area as being at risk of flooding, with their homes located an average of 64.22 meters from the river; those who did not recognize the risk lived an average of 35.29 meters away. At elevations below 90.5 meters above sea level, only 17.74% of residents knew what to do in case of flooding. These findings were presented to the participating residents, the León Municipal Government (COMUPRED), and will serve to support the development of policies aimed at improving the current situation for the benefit of the local population.