Epidemiology of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the Nicaraguan population.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v14i1.16498Keywords:
Epidemiology, prevalence, risk factors, low- and middle-income countries, cardiovascular disease, Nicaragua.Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking and a sedentary lifestyle are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and generate a very high burden on their health systems in low-income countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence of risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, pattern of alcohol and tobacco consumption) for cardiovascular disease in ≥20 years of age in nine urban departmental capitals of Nicaragua. Design and method: A cross-sectional design was carried out. The data were obtained from a population survey that randomly selected 3150 participants, between February and April 2015, using a multistage probabilistic sampling in nine urban departmental capitals of Nicaragua. Results: The average age was 40 ± 14 years, being 20 years the minimum age and 80 years the maximum age, the female sex predominated with 64.1%, according to the educational level 35.8% had a level of secondary education and 33.5 % were university students, 56.1% were married, the most frequently found occupation was the service sector with 27.2%. Of the 3,150 participants, 50.8% were sedentary, 39.8% consumed alcohol, and 29.2% were obese; however, when obesity and overweight were grouped together, 64.3% of the Nicaraguan population had weight gain. Conclusions: Sedentary lifestyle (51%), alcohol consumption (40%) and obesity (29%) constitute the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Nicaragua.
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