Epidemiología de factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en población nicaragüense.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v14i1.16498Palabras clave:
Epidemiología, prevalencia, factores de riesgo, países de medio y bajo ingreso, enfermedad cardiovascular, Nicaragua.Resumen
La diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, obesidad, consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo y sedentarismo constituyen importantes factores de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares y generan una altísima carga en los países de bajos ingresos para sus sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo (diabetes, hipertensión, obesidad, sedentarismo, patrón de consumo de alcohol y tabaco) para enfermedad cardiovascular en ≥ 20 años en nueve cabeceras departamentales urbanas de Nicaragua. Diseño y método: Se realizóun diseño de corte transversal. Los datos fueron obtenidos de una encuesta poblacional que seleccionó3150 participantes al azar, entre febrero a abril del 2015, usando un muestreo probabilístico multietápico en nueve cabeceras departamentales urbanas de Nicaragua. Resultados: La edad media fue de 40 ± 14 años, siendo 20 años la edad mínima y 80 años la edad máxima, predominó el sexo femenino con un 64.1%, según el nivel educativo el 35.8% tenían un nivel de educación secundaria y el 33.5% eran universitarios, el 56.1% eran casados, la ocupación más frecuentemente encontrada fue del sector servicio con un 27.2%. De los 3150 participantes 50.8% eran sedentarios, 39.8% consumían alcohol, 29.2% eran obesos, sin embargo, al agrupar obesidad y sobrepeso 64.3% de la población nicaragüense tiene ganancia de peso. Conclusiones: El sedentarismo (51%), consumo de alcohol (40%) y obesidad (29%) constituyen los principales factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular en Nicaragua.
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