Influence of female and male incomes on food expenditures of Nicaraguan households

Roxana Gómez-Valle

doi:10.5377/aes.v4i1.16441

Autores/as

Roxana Gómez-Valle Independent Researcher, Nicaragua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-2148

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5377/aes.v4i1.16441

Palabras clave:

ingresos, género, gastos en alimentos, curva de Engel, Nicaragua

Resumen

Otras investigaciones han explorado si los ingresos del hogar son utilizados de la misma manera dependiendo del género de la persona que los genere. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos estudios no incluyen dentro del análisis a los hogares con múltiples miembros generadores de ingreso. Este trabajo intenta llenar este vacío en la literatura explorando los cambios en los gastos alimentarios de los hogares generados ante una variación en los ingresos de las mujeres frente a aquellos percibidos por los hombres, tanto en los hogares nucleares con dos generadores de ingresos como en los formados por múltiples miembros generadores de ingresos. Este estudio es exploratorio y utiliza la Encuesta de Medición del Nivel de Vida (EMNV) de Nicaragua de 2014 como fuente de información. Para ello, se estima una curva de Engel de alimentos, utilizando análisis de regresión, que integra la noción de coaliciones de intereses de género como parte de las variables demográficas. No se encontraron grandes diferencias entre las asignaciones del presupuesto del hogar destinado a alimentación frente a los cambios de los ingresos laborales generados por mujeres y hombres. Las características personales analizadas afectan de forma negativa el gasto en alimentación. Por el contrario, las características del hogar, i.e., número de personas generadoras de ingresos y área de residencia, son los principales determinantes del aumento de los gastos alimentarios del hogar. No se encontraron diferencias entre hogares nucleares y múltiples generadores de ingresos.

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