Antimicrobial Resistance in Northwestern Hospitals of Nicaragua

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v1i1.1630

Keywords:

Antimicrobial resistance, Nosocomial infections, Infectious agents, Aerobic bacteria

Abstract

In recent years, an increase in the incidence of Antimicrobial Resistance has been observed among pathogens that cause mainly nosocomial infections and also in the community. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health problem, basically promoted by the use and abuse of antibiotics. The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance is a priority research area of ​​the Infectious Diseases Research Center and as part of its activities, a study was carried out in three northwestern hospitals (León, Chinandega and Estelí) with the aim of knowing the profile of resistance or antimicrobial susceptibility of aerobic bacteria isolated from patients who were treated at these hospitals in the period from May 2003 to May 2006. 1181 strains of aerobic bacteria were included in the study and the Kirby Bauer method was used according to NCCLS recommendations, to determine the resistance profile. The most frequent bacterial species studied were Staphylococcus aureus (385 strains), E. coli (209 strains), Pseudomonas spp. (180 strains) followed by a smaller number of strains of Shigella spp., group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and other Gram-negative bacilli obtained mainly from biological samples of skin and soft tissue infections, neonatal bacteremia, urinary tract infections and pharyngotonsillitis. The results obtained were the following: Penicillin was the least effective drug against E. aureus; an important percentage greater than 25% were resistant to methicillin, mainly strains from Estelí.

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Author Biographies

k. Gómez-Herrera, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher, Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

M.C. Espinoza-Torrez, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher, Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

Y. Mejía, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher, Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

L.E. Zambrana-Gutiérrez, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León.Nicaragua

Researcher, Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

E. Silva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher, Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

J. Rojas, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher, Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

W. Gadea, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Disease Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

S. Chavarria, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, M. Abdalah Hospital, Chinandega; España Hospital, Chinandega.

M. Hernández, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, M. Abdalah Hospital, Chinandega; España Hospital, Chinandega.

M.M. Ramirez, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Disease Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, M. Abdalah Hospital, Chinandega; España Hospital, Chinandega.

J.M. Membreño-Sequeira, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Disease Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Oscar Danilo Rosales Argüello Teaching Hospital, León.

M.E. Lara-Toruño, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Oscar Danilo Rosales Argüello Teaching Hospital, León.

L.E. Saenz-Suárez, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Center for Infectious Disease Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Oscar Danilo Rosales Argüello Teaching Hospital, León.

S. Valle-Dávila, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Disease Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Oscar Danilo Rosales Argüello Teaching Hospital, León.

A. J. Torrez-Rivera, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Center for Infectious Disease Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Oscar Danilo Rosales Argüello Teaching Hospital, León.

E.S. Carera- Velásquez, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Disease Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

M. Cáceres-Salinas, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León. Nicaragua

Researcher at the Center for Infectious Disease Research (CEI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Estelí.

References

Smith Richard D. & Coast Joanna, (2002), Antimicrobial resistance: a global response. bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80.

Livermore david M., (2003), Bacterial Resistance: Origins, Epidemiology, and Impact. Clinical Infectious Diseases; 36(Suppl 1):S11-23.https://doi.org/10.1086/344654

Struelens Marc J., (2003), Multidisciplinary antimicrobial management teams: the way forward to control antimicrobial resistance in hospitals. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 16:305-307.https://doi.org/10.1097/00001432-200308000-00001

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), (2000), Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. M100-S11.

Cáceres. M., Carera, E., Palma, A., berrios, g., Weintraub, A. and Nord C. E. (1999), Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria isolated from mixed infections in Nicaragua. Spanish Journal of Chemotherapy 12:332-339.

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Published

2007-07-03

How to Cite

Gómez Herrera, K., Espinoza Torrez, M. C., Mejía, Y., Zambrana Gutiérrez, L. E., Silva, E., Rojas, J., Gadea, W., Chavarria, S., Hernández, M., Mercedes Ramírez, M., María Membreño, J. M., Lara Toruño, M. E., Saenz Suárez, J. E., Valle Dávila, S., Torrez Rivera, A. J., Carera Velásquez, E. del S., & Cáceres Salinas, M. (2007). Antimicrobial Resistance in Northwestern Hospitals of Nicaragua. Universitas (León), 1(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.5377/universitas.v1i1.1630

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2007)

Section

Original Scinetific Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2007 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2025 Universitas (León),  Revista Cientifíca de la UNAN-León. Academic Direction. Research Department. Publication and Scientific Event Unit. 

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