Universitas (León)

Effective parental coping strategies in families of children with autism

2025-04-08T20:14:59+00:00

Introduction: stress in parents of children with autism represents a complex and difficult adaptation process; a situation that leads to feeling overwhelmed by the demands attributed to the care of the child, affecting all psychosocial dimensions. Objective: to analyze the relationship between the child's behavioral symptoms and stress coping strategies in parents of children with autism in an early stimulation center in Nicaragua. Material and methods: analytical study, nested case-control study, with a sample of 300 parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Contingency tables were used to compare the variables of interest with the statistical tests of chi-square, OR, with 95% confidence interval. Results: prevalence of stress (61%) was determined. According to the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale - Second Edition (GARS- 2), the symptom of avoiding eye contact was statistically significant (P: 0.000; OR: 3.01). The absence of humor was the coping strategy that duplicated the presence of stress (P: 0.016; OR: 2.243). Conclusions: the application of humor stands out as a relevant coping strategy among parents. Parents employ a variety of coping strategies such as planning, instrumental support, emotional support, self-distraction, behavioral disengagement and positive reinterpretation to favor the preparedness of the nuclear family.

Diagnosis and clinical management of Peripheral giant cell granuloma. A case report.

2025-06-10T20:44:08+00:00

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a reactive soft tissue lesion exclusive to the oral cavity, associated with chronic irritants; epidemiologically, it shows a greater predilection in females between the fourth and fifth decades of life. This clinical case describes an exophytic lesion located in the attached gum of the upper left premolars, with an approximate size of 2 cm x 1.6 cm, color similar to the mucosa and slightly congestive with ulcerations in the lower area. Giant cell granulomas are of special interest in dentistry since they constitute approximately 7% of benign tumor lesions of the jaws. The objective of this article is to present the diagnosis and case management of this pathology, considering clinical, radiographic and histological evidence, as essential elements of the differential diagnosis of lesions in the oral cavity. The methodology used was the SCARE guide for the presentation of clinical cases. The results were compatible with the lesion described, presenting a large number of multinucleated giant cells, the complete resection of the lesion included the extraction of three teeth due to bone loss, a control appointment in the first week and after 3 months without evidence of recurrence. . Conclusion: this clinical case summarizes the importance of the diagnostic process in exophytic lesions in the oral cavity, supported by complementary examinations such as laboratory tests, radiographic studies, the clinical characterization and histological examination is essential to establish the diagnosis

Serum levels of leptin, estrogen and their relationship with adiposity and body weight in postmenopausal nicaraguan women

2025-06-13T20:57:16+00:00

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to the loss of ovarian activity; It is associated with physiological and metabolic changes, with variations in hormonal levels. The increase in metabolically active adipokines such as leptin and the decrease in estrogen levels during the menopausal state are related to the relatively rapid increase in visceral fat and the evolution of metabolic pathologies. The objective of the study is the analysis of serum levels of leptin, estrogen and their relationship with adiposity and body weight in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was designed, where the socio-epidemiological characteristics and anthropometric values were described using descriptive statistics such as absolute frequencies and percentages, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to verify the normality of the variables of leptin and estrogen levels. ; chi square test to associate all variables, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney to compare averages and Spearman correlation to determine associations. The predominant study population was postmenopausal women, of urban origin, with a majority of university studies, and with an average age of 54 years. Serum Leptin levels showed a median of 44 ng/ml in the Normal Weight group and 38.4 ng/ml in the Obese/Overweight group. Leptin levels had a median of 35.5 ng/ml with a low waist-hip ratio (WHR). Estradiol levels showed a median of 25.3 pg/ml in the Normal Weight group and 24.1 pg/ml in the group with a low waist-hip ratio (WHR). No correlation was found between the levels of Leptin, Estradiol and the numerical value of the body mass index in.

Geographic Information Systems for Flood Risk Analysis in the Urban Area of the Chiquito River in the City of León

2025-06-13T21:03:59+00:00

El Río Chiquito flows through the urban area of the city of León, and along its banks, families reside who suffer flooding every year due to the overflow of the river’s main channel. This research aims to analyze the areas of highest flood risk in the urban area of León. The study area is the micro-watershed of the Río Chiquito, and the study unit is the population living near the water body. A total of 121 residents over the age of 14 were surveyed, and vulnerability was assessed at 28 points along the river. SPSS and QGIS software were used. Results included flood risk maps highlighting the most vulnerable areas in deeper red tones, a geographic vulnerability analysis, and statistical analysis. Flood simulation maps at 20 meters from the river showed 5 houses located in risk zones, while at 40 meters, 27 houses were identified. At elevations of 96.5 meters above sea level, 34.6% of residents recognized their area as being at risk of flooding, with their homes located an average of 64.22 meters from the river; those who did not recognize the risk lived an average of 35.29 meters away. At elevations below 90.5 meters above sea level, only 17.74% of residents knew what to do in case of flooding. These findings were presented to the participating residents, the León Municipal Government (COMUPRED), and will serve to support the development of policies aimed at improving the current situation for the benefit of the local population.

Flood Vulnerability Analysis in the Neighborhoods Adjacent to the Pochote River in the City of León, Nicaragua (2023)

2025-06-13T21:07:27+00:00

Nicaragua occupies a territory where natural, physical, social, and economic dynamics create risk conditions that have historically led to frequent disaster situations (SINAPRED, 2005). According to INETER (2001), in the classification of municipalities by level of flood hazard, León ranks at level 9 on a scale from 1 to 10, which is considered high, based on the frequency of occurrence of flooding events. Given this situation, this study was conducted along the banks of the Pochote River in León, Nicaragua. The study population consisted of people living closest to the river. A deterministic or quantitative methodology applicable to urban areas was used to determine vulnerability indices, through the development of a parametric model and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to analyze flood risk in the micro-watershed. As an innovation, a mobile application (App) was developed to monitor the situation. The river was surveyed, identifying flood levels and marking critical points, specific features of the area, the condition of the gallery forest, and historical overflow zones—information useful for measuring existing vulnerability levels. An environmental to structural analysis was carried out to identify potentially flood-prone environments. A total of 218 residents were surveyed, one per household, across 17 neighborhoods and sectors, to assess their perception of flood risk. A total of 963 people lived in the 218 surveyed homes, including 312 children under 15 years old and 437 elderly adults. The vulnerability indices—based on housing materials, age of the structures, and soil types on which the homes

Indio Viejo, the maximum gastronomic representation of indigenous resistance and pride in Nicaragua

2025-06-05T22:59:24+00:00

Since pre-columbian times, the peoples from Nicaragua developed their food, agriculture, trade, religion, and social dynamics based on corn, consuming it mainly as tortillas and tamale, and in the form of stew of Hombre Viejo, or Indio Viejo.The name of this dish comes from the lie of an indigenous man to two Spanish men who passed through a tribe in Ometepe. The Europeans saw the indigenous eating and when asked what they had, one replied that he was enjoying an “Indio Viejo”. They named it because it was made from one of the oldest members of the tribe who had just died. It should be considered that the natives of Nicaragua practiced ritual anthropophagy as a military ceremony, in a similar way to other peoples of Mesoamerica. It is interesting to try to understand the origin of the name of such an exquisite and representative traditional dish, which still retains the indigenous resistance by not submitting to globalization, maintaining in its recipe most of the ingredients of the region.The Indio Viejo went from being a ritual dish of war ceremony to a family delight on the table of Nicaraguans by replacing the meat of warriors captured in battle, with the agile and strong animals of our fauna. Thus maintaining the mystical sense of this dish, which has also been a victim of gastronomic syncretism, as result today the recipe is mainly made with beef or pork, which was introduced by Europeans to the lands of the New World.